近日，美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表辦公室發(fā)布聲明，宣布將恢復(fù)352項(xiàng)自中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品的加征關(guān)稅豁免。美國(guó)此次對(duì)中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品的關(guān)稅豁免，說(shuō)明了哪些問(wèn)題？在此時(shí)推出豁免政策出于什么考慮？

The US decision to reinstate certain "Section 301" tariff exclusions for Chinese product categories sends a positive signal for benign interactions in bilateral economic and trade relations, which will help stabilize expectations for global supply and industrial chains, experts said on Monday.
專家3月28日表示，美國(guó)決定恢復(fù)對(duì)“301條款”中涉及的部分中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品的關(guān)稅豁免，這為中美雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系的良性互動(dòng)釋放了積極信號(hào)，將有助于穩(wěn)定對(duì)全球供應(yīng)鏈和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的預(yù)期。

They said reinstating tariff exclusions on Chinese goods will help the US deal with rising inflationary pressure, reduce costs within global supply chains and benefit enterprises and consumers from both sides.
專家稱，恢復(fù)對(duì)中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品的關(guān)稅豁免將有助于美國(guó)應(yīng)對(duì)不斷上漲的通脹壓力，降低其在全球供應(yīng)鏈上的成本，并使雙方的企業(yè)和消費(fèi)者受益。

Wang Peng, a researcher at Huazhong University of Science and Technology's Institute for State Governance, said the US administration's attempts to decouple the two economies harm US consumers and enterprises, and US importers and consumers have absorbed most of the additional costs resulting from the additional tariffs on Chinese products.
華中科技大學(xué)國(guó)家治理研究所研究員王鵬認(rèn)為，美國(guó)政府試圖將中美兩個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體脫鉤的做法損害了美國(guó)消費(fèi)者和企業(yè)的利益，而美國(guó)進(jìn)口企業(yè)和消費(fèi)者已經(jīng)承擔(dān)了美國(guó)對(duì)中國(guó)商品加征關(guān)稅而造成的大部分額外成本負(fù)擔(dān)。

Wang said the exemptions suggest that the US recognizes that the two nations have strong economic complementarity, and the decision will help create favorable conditions to expand bilateral trade and economic cooperation. "It will be good for the global economy."
王鵬稱，這次恢復(fù)部分中國(guó)商品關(guān)稅豁免表明，美國(guó)認(rèn)識(shí)到兩國(guó)具有很強(qiáng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)互補(bǔ)性，這一決定將為擴(kuò)大雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)合作創(chuàng)造有利條件，有利于全球經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展。

Noting that the list includes consumer goods and industrial products, Xu Hongcai, deputy director of the China Association of Policy Science's economic policy committee, said the move will help the US alleviate high inflationary pressure.
中國(guó)政策科學(xué)研究會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)政策委員會(huì)副主任徐洪才指出，此次豁免名單包括消費(fèi)品和工業(yè)品，此舉將有助于美國(guó)緩解高通脹壓力。

Although the 352 newly announced categories only account for around one-seventh of the over 2,200 exclusions previously granted by the Trump administration, the reinstated exemptions are great news for Chinese industries, Xu said.
徐洪才表示，盡管與特朗普時(shí)期2200多種中國(guó)商品獲得了關(guān)稅豁免資格相比，此次拜登政府批準(zhǔn)的352種商品不過(guò)是其七分之一。但美國(guó)此舉仍會(huì)給中國(guó)相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)帶來(lái)一定的利好預(yù)期。

Citing the USTR statement, Luo Zhiheng, chief economist at Yuekai Securities, said the US move aims to meet its domestic production and consumption needs as well as cushion the economy.
粵開(kāi)證券首席經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家羅志恒引用美國(guó)貿(mào)易代表辦公室的聲明稱，這份關(guān)稅豁免清單旨在滿足其美國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)需求，同時(shí)緩沖經(jīng)濟(jì)。

Luo said US trade frictions with China not only harm the interests of US companies and consumers but also disrupt industrial and supply chains worldwide.
羅志恒認(rèn)為，中美貿(mào)易摩擦不僅損害了美國(guó)公司和消費(fèi)者的利益，而且擾亂了全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈和供應(yīng)鏈。

"The global economy is facing multiple pressures from COVID-19, high inflationary pressures and geopolitical tensions," Luo said. "The exemptions will help ease the risk of escalation of trade frictions and stabilize global industrial chains."
“新冠疫情、全球通脹壓力和地緣政治緊張局勢(shì)，使全球經(jīng)濟(jì)面臨多重壓力，恢復(fù)對(duì)中國(guó)商品的關(guān)稅豁免將有助于緩解貿(mào)易摩擦升級(jí)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，穩(wěn)定全球產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。”

He said the list covers over $60 billion worth of Chinese products, which accounted for about 12 percent of China's total exports to the US in 2021. "It will support China's exports in 2022, and it will also benefit Chinese manufacturing sectors in fields including mechanical equipment, home appliances and furniture.
羅志恒說(shuō)，這份清單涵蓋了價(jià)值超過(guò)600億美元的中國(guó)商品，占2021年中國(guó)對(duì)美出口總額的約12%。此舉將有利于在今年提振中國(guó)出口，機(jī)械設(shè)備、家用電器和家具等領(lǐng)域的中國(guó)制造業(yè)也將因此受益。”

"For the US side, the exemptions will help lower prices of imported goods and thus ease inflationary pressure. As the list includes urgently needed parts and anti-pandemic materials, that will also help ensure the security of US supply chains," Luo said.
羅志恒稱：“對(duì)美方來(lái)說(shuō)，這份豁免清單將有助于降低進(jìn)口商品的價(jià)格，從而緩解通脹壓力。由于清單中包括急需的零部件和防疫用品，這也將有助于確保美國(guó)供應(yīng)鏈的安全。”

Wang Meiting, a researcher with the Bank of China Research Institute, said it is not easy for the US to find substitutes in a short time and thus the possibility of a further increase in tariff exclusions on Chinese goods cannot be ruled out.
中國(guó)銀行研究院研究員王梅婷表示，美國(guó)想在短時(shí)間內(nèi)找到替代品并不容易，因此不能排除進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大對(duì)中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品的關(guān)稅豁免的可能性。

Wang said the exemptions demonstrate China's key role in stabilizing global supply and industrial chains. "The reinstated exemptions are sending a positive signal to bilateral trade and even global trade. It showcases that the US prioritizes stabilizing the economy instead of containing China's development."
王梅婷稱，美國(guó)此舉證明中國(guó)在穩(wěn)定全球供應(yīng)鏈和產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈方面的關(guān)鍵作用。“美國(guó)恢復(fù)對(duì)這些中國(guó)進(jìn)口商品的關(guān)稅豁免，向中美雙邊貿(mào)易乃至全球貿(mào)易發(fā)出了積極信號(hào)。表明美國(guó)優(yōu)先考慮穩(wěn)定經(jīng)濟(jì)，而不是遏制中國(guó)發(fā)展。”

Considering that the exemptions are part of a larger US drive to dampen inflationary pressure, Wang expects to see more steps to bring bilateral economic trade ties back to normal.
考慮到美國(guó)此舉是其為緩解通脹壓力而采取的措施之一，王梅婷預(yù)計(jì)，美國(guó)將采取更多措施，可促使中美雙邊經(jīng)貿(mào)關(guān)系恢復(fù)正常。

來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)
編輯：董靜

（Ouyang Shijia）