第三期中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)“新時(shí)代大講堂”演講嘉賓、中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)海外版高級(jí)記者安德魯·穆迪日前在演講中指出，中國(guó)幫助非洲“筑巢引鳳” 的事實(shí)勝于雄辯。
安德魯·穆迪（Andrew Moody）是位英國(guó)人。有人可能會(huì)說(shuō)，英國(guó)人聊中非關(guān)系，總難免隔靴搔癢吧？其實(shí)不然，換一個(gè)角度看問(wèn)題，可以填補(bǔ)很多認(rèn)知上的空白。
安德魯·穆迪是中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)社最資深的外籍記者之一，多次到訪非洲大陸，6年前開(kāi)始專注報(bào)道中非關(guān)系。采訪過(guò)多位研究中非關(guān)系和金磚合作的政要、專家、學(xué)者，他怎么理解中非關(guān)系、金磚合作與全球化呢？
“等了西方30年，一無(wú)所獲。”
對(duì)埃塞俄比亞時(shí)任總理梅萊斯·澤納維的采訪至今讓安德魯·穆迪印象深刻。
梅萊斯·澤納維說(shuō)：“我們已經(jīng)等了30年，可一無(wú)所獲。”
Meles said:“Well，we have waited 30 years and nothing much has happened.”
非洲不奢望西方能為他們投資基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，只是希望能幫助他們發(fā)展，讓他們有可能支付基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)所需的高額費(fèi)用。
西方對(duì)非政策總體上是由世界銀行和國(guó)際貨幣基金支持的“華盛頓共識(shí)”來(lái)主導(dǎo)。
The overall western policy had been dictated by the Washington Consensus espoused by such institution as the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.
基于此共識(shí)，非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)只有通過(guò)這些組織在采取自由市場(chǎng)政策的前提下才能得到發(fā)展。
African economies could only develop by them adopting free market policies, the consensus went.
這意味著要通過(guò)發(fā)展成功的私有經(jīng)濟(jì)來(lái)創(chuàng)造就業(yè)與市場(chǎng)繁榮、產(chǎn)生稅收，從而為非洲經(jīng)濟(jì)最需要的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)埋單。
This would lead to them developing a successful private sector, which would lead to jobs and prosperity and generate tax revenues that would pay for the infrastructure African economies so badly needed.
但盼望著的那一天始終沒(méi)有從西方那兒等來(lái)。
希望的曙光：中國(guó)
中國(guó)幫助非洲吸引外資，增強(qiáng)自身“造血”功能。
梅萊斯·澤納維對(duì)萬(wàn)里之外的中國(guó)模式印象深刻。幾乎在同一時(shí)期，中國(guó)從一個(gè)貧窮的農(nóng)業(yè)國(guó)家一躍而成為世界第二大經(jīng)濟(jì)體。
The Ethiopian prime minister was far more impressed by another model - that of a country several thousand miles east of Addis Adaba that propelled itself from being a poor agrarian economy to being the second-biggest in the world in much the same time frame.
梅萊斯·澤納維對(duì)中國(guó)的建筑公司非常歡迎。正是這些公司為埃塞俄比亞建起了公路、輕軌、電信設(shè)施，還建起了亞的斯亞貝巴通往吉布提的鐵路，使得這個(gè)內(nèi)陸國(guó)家有了出海口。
Meles welcomed in Chinese construction companies, which have now built roads, light rail, telecommunications and a major rail link from Addis to Djibouti giving the landlocked country access to the sea.
“新殖民主義”的論調(diào)甚囂塵上
這個(gè)時(shí)候，中國(guó)在非洲搞“新殖民主義”的論調(diào)甚囂塵上。西方社會(huì)以己度人，污蔑中非友誼。
但深入了解過(guò)中非合作的人都知道那些指責(zé)著實(shí)是夸大其詞。
安德魯·穆迪告訴聽(tīng)眾，2013年，他在北京采訪前英國(guó)外交大臣杰克·司特勞。當(dāng)時(shí)杰克·司特勞跟他這樣說(shuō)：
“我個(gè)人認(rèn)為，這樣的指責(zé)是極其不公平的。想想英國(guó)和法國(guó)曾經(jīng)以何種方式‘強(qiáng)暴’非洲，我們?cè)诜侵薜拇嬖谑菤埧岬摹⒊嗦懵愕摹⒁宰非髾?quán)力和財(cái)富為目的。我不認(rèn)為我們可以站在道德的制高點(diǎn)對(duì)中國(guó)做任何價(jià)值判斷。”
“Personally, I think it is profoundly unfair. Given the way in which Britain and, in particular, France raped Africa. Our involvement was brutal and naked in the pursuit of power and wealth. I don’t think we are in any position to make any loaded value judgment about China,” he said.
“做出這樣的批判是何居心？西方就該擁有一切？中國(guó)就該退回去做一個(gè)欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家？”
“What is the point the critics are making? That the west should own everything? That China should go back to being a less developed nation?”
中國(guó)幫助非洲“筑巢引鳳” 事實(shí)勝于雄辯
中國(guó)參與非洲建設(shè)，主要目的并不是為了獲得非洲的資源，更多是為了在其他領(lǐng)域達(dá)成伙伴關(guān)系。
China’s primary involvement in Africa has not been about resources but more about partnership in many other areas.
2015年12月，在中非合作論壇約翰內(nèi)斯堡峰會(huì)上，中國(guó)承諾為非洲提供三倍于之前的援助及其他方面的投資，總額達(dá)到600億美元。
At the Johannesburg Summit of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation in December 2015, China pledged to triple aid and other investment to $60 billion.
中非關(guān)系的最大問(wèn)題之一在于外界對(duì)事實(shí)的誤讀。
One of the biggest problems China faces is its engagement with Africa is misrepresentation.
扶貧方面，中國(guó)是非洲的榜樣
貧窮一直是非洲最大的問(wèn)題之一，在非洲有4億人生活在國(guó)際所公認(rèn)的，維持生計(jì)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以下。
Poverty remains Africa’s biggest problem, with 400 million people living below accepted international standards of sustainable living.
中國(guó)國(guó)家主席習(xí)近平的著作《擺脫貧困》在中非減貧發(fā)展高端對(duì)話會(huì)暨中非智庫(kù)論壇上獲得廣泛關(guān)注。
Chinese President Xi Jinping’s own book, Up and Out of Poverty, received wide attention at the Africa-China High-Level Dialogue and Think Tank Forum.
本書涵蓋了習(xí)近平主席在大約30年前任職福建寧德地委書記時(shí)所撰寫的一系列文章及講話。論壇內(nèi)外的各界人士都對(duì)書中的觀點(diǎn)留下了深刻的印象。
The book contains a series of articles and speeches written by the president when he was Party chief of Ningde, Fujian province, almost 30 years ago. Many at the forum and elsewhere have been impressed by the ideas in the book.
金磚國(guó)家合作前景廣泛
五個(gè)金磚國(guó)家——巴西、俄羅斯、印度、中國(guó)、南非——如今從購(gòu)買力的角度來(lái)看，其GDP總額已經(jīng)達(dá)到40.55萬(wàn)億美元，等同于全球GDP總額的32%。五個(gè)國(guó)家對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的貢獻(xiàn)達(dá)到50%。
The five BRICS countries — Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa — now have a combined GDP in terms of purchasing power parity of $40.55 trillion, 32 percent of the world’s total, and they account for 50 percent of global growth.
全球是否會(huì)步入貿(mào)易保護(hù)主義時(shí)代，實(shí)際上并不是現(xiàn)今住在白宮的人能夠做出的決定。在這一問(wèn)題上，新興國(guó)家可能會(huì)有不同的看法。
Whether we move into a protectionist world may not actually be a decision of the current occupant of the White House. The emerging world might have other ideas.
（來(lái)源：中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)雙語(yǔ)新聞編輯部）
